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Bordentown School
The Bordentown School (officially titled the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth, the State of New Jersey Manual Training School and Manual Training and Industrial School for Youth, though other names were used over the years), was a residential high school for African-American students, located in Bordentown in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. Operated for most of the time as a publicly financed co-ed boarding school for African-American children, it was known as the "Tuskegee of the North" for its adoption of many of the educational practices first developed at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.〔Keyes, Allison. ("Documentary Focuses On 'Tuskegee Of The North'" ), ''National Public Radio'', May 24, 2010. Accessed June 8, 2010.〕 The school closed down in 1955.
==Formation and operation==
The school was founded in 1886 in the New Brunswick house of the Rev. Raymond Rice, a minister of the African Methodist Episcopal Church and former slave from Laurens, South Carolina. Born in 1845, Rice had fought as a volunteer with the Union Army during the American Civil War and went to New Jersey to get an education, after completing his military service.〔〔 When it was first founded, it was known as "The Ironsides Normal School".〔 The school's mission was to train African-American students "in such industries as shall enable them to become self-supporting".〔(The Bordentown School ), Delaware River Heritage Trail. Accessed June 8, 2010.〕 The state passed legislation in 1894 to designate the school as the state's instructional institution for vocational education. With this legislation, the school was placed under the aegis of a board of trustees composed of state and county officials. The school came under the direct auspices of the New Jersey Board of Education in 1903, with its capital expenditures, curriculum and staffing under state approval.〔(Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth at Bordentown, NJ: Institutional History ), New Jersey Department of State. Accessed June 8, 2010.〕 In 1886, the school moved to Bordentown and moved in 1896 to a tract there that had been owned by United States Navy Admiral Charles Stewart and known as the Parnell Estate.〔DeMasters, Karen. ("ON THE MAP; Remembering a Boarding School for Black Students" ), ''The New York Times'', October 1, 2000. Accessed June 3, 2010.〕〔 The state originally leased the land, and purchased it in 1901.〔
The school operated on a year-round basis. It had its own farm, cattle, and orchards that supplied the school with its food; scholarship students could work on the farm to cover their tuition. The school was selective and initially offered its 500 to 600 students an education in the Classics and Latin as part of its overall curriculum, which earned accolades from both W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington. Among notable lecturers at the school were Albert Einstein and Paul Robeson.〔 In 1913, Booker T. Washington recommended that the school identify occupations prevalent among African-Americans as a guide to developing a curriculum for the school, suggesting that training in automobile repairs for boys would help meet the growing demand for chauffeurs, while girls should be offered "domestic science" training.〔Staff. ("MUST IGNORE POLITICS.; Booker T. Washington Sounds Warning for Bordentown School." ), ''The New York Times'', August 12, 1913. Accessed June 3, 2010.〕 Students were instructed in a trade in addition to the educational curriculum, with boys instructed in agriculture, auto mechanics, and steam boiler operation, and girls being taught beauty culture, dressmaking, and sewing. During the Great Depression, Bordentown graduates were better able than many to find jobs using the skills they had learned at the school.〔Jany, Libor. ("'A Place Out of Time — The Bordentown School' will air tonight at 10 p.m. on PBS" ), ''The Trentonian'', May 24, 2010. Accessed June 6, 2010.〕
Because of financial difficulties, the school accepted state aid and was ultimately taken over by the State of New Jersey in 1897 and placed under the supervision of the New Jersey Department of Education in 1945. William R. Valentine, a graduate of both Columbia University and Harvard University, served as the school's principal from 1915 at least until 1948. Valentine stressed the approach of offering practical job training as a means to prevent students from becoming juvenile delinquents.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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